Social work Nepal

Small family farms are the key to reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural development. Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family  labor , including both women’s and men’s. 
 
 Both in developing and developed countries, family farming is the predominant form of agriculture in the food production sector. 

 At national level, there are a number of factors that are key for a successful development of family farming, such as: agro-ecological conditions and territorial characteristics; policy environment; access to markets; access to land and natural resources; access to technology and extension services; access to finance; demographic, economic and socio-cultural conditions; availability of specialized education among others

Family farming is inextricably linked to national and global food security. Both in developing and developed countries, family farming is the predominant form of agriculture in the food production sector.  Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural development.  The concept of family farming covers various elements. From a sociological perspective, family farming is associated with family values, such as solidarity, continuity and commitment; in economic terms, family farming is identified with specific entrepreneurial skills, business ownership and management, choice and risk behaviour, resilience and individual achievement. And in social worker it is the term which helps to enhance the opportunity for the farmers. Family farming is often more than a professional occupation because it reflects a lifestyle based on beliefs and traditions about living and work. Source: FAO website You may also like  Concept of Family Fa

Culture is a system of symbol or meaning for normative conduct standard having three distinct properties. It is transmitted, it is learned, and it is shared. The slum has a culture of its own and his culture is a way of life. Life of the slum is usually gregarious and largely centered in the immediate area where they found friends, shops, and possible credits. There is a little privacy more noise, sanitation problem. There is a great tolerance and deviant behavior, higher rate of delinquency and crime and lots of criminal activity committed against the “outside world”. Slum dweller often fail to utilize the agencies (Private or Public), that could be helpful for them. They are also giving more emphasis to ‘fate’ or ‘luck’. They feel that they have only little control over the forces affecting their lives. Unemployment, disguised employment, low wages are the rules in the slums. The saving amounts of slum dwellers are almost zero. The slums are unskilled, illiterate, and lack of basic f

Slums as described by social scientist are a by-product of modern era. With the beginning of industrialization, cities emerged comprising population of labor from rural part to urban part. In India, the emergence of slums started during the last two decades of this century because of fragmentation of land in rural areas and galloping growth in population have led to unwarranted unemployment, famine, social-class conflicts and caste tension have caused equally as well for the emerging of slum. Social Composition of slums The tribal who has been displaced by the establishment of huge factories have started living in slums. Some place slums act as a refugee for these displaced tribals and provided them seasonal employment. Once they get exposed to urban way of life they never go back. The maximum numbers of slums are from schedule caste and schedule tribe. They belong to lower caste of sweepers and scavengers landless agricultural laborers. The slums are migrated from one place to another

According to Bergel there are three types of slums. Those are Original Slum where from the beginning the buildings are unsuitable and are beyond recovery. Detoriated Slum are those who are detoriated after the departure of middle or upper class families. Down-Town slum develop within the zone in transition around the central business district or the central part of the city. ----------------------

According to Oxford dictionary Slum is “A squalid and overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor people” The phenomenon of slum is worldwide. Almost every country (including India) has Slums but some Country denies their existence (like Nepal). Some scholars recognize that the problem of Slum is associated with the exploitative system of the capitalist society, with its mode of production.   The slum dwellers are looked upon as the bank of voters. Whatever is done by politicians for the slum that is patch work to remedy the situation so long as the slum dwellers are their voters.  -----------------