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Degrees Of Freedom

 

Bikesh Yadav

Degrees of freedom is a number of values in a study that has the freedom to the vary. It is a statistical calculation represent how many values involved in a calculation have the freedom to vary. It can be calculated to help ensure the statistical validity of Chi-square est and T-test and these tests are commonly used to compare observed with data that would be expected to be obtained according to a specific hypothesis.

The earliest and most basic concept of the degrees of freedom was noted in the early 1800s, and the modern usage and understanding of the term were expanded upon first by William Sealy Gosset, an English statistician in his article “ the probable error of mean”.In his writing, Gosset did not specifically use the term” degrees of freedom”. he did however, give an explanation for the concept throughout the course of developing what would eventually be known students T-distribution. It was the English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher began using the term “degrees of freedom” when he started publishing reports and data on his work developing chi-squares.

In the degrees of freedom we need to understand the different kind of like chi-square of test; the test of independence which asks a questions of relationship, such as, “is there a relationship between a gender and SAT scores?”. And the goodness of fit test which asks something like “ if a coin is tossed 100 times, will it come up head 50 times and tails 50 times?” for these tests degrees of freedom are utilized to determine if a certain null hypothesis can be rejected based on the total number variables and samples within the experiment. For e.g , let’s suppose a drug trial is conducted on a group and it is hypothesized that the patients receiving the drug would show increased heart rates compared to those that did not receive the drug. The results of the test could then be analyzed to determine weather the difference in heart rates is considered significant, and DOF are part of the calculations.

References

https://study.com/academy/lesson/degrees-of-freedom-definition-formula-example.html

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/degrees-of-freedom.asp

 

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